如何在.NET中生成動(dòng)態(tài)驗(yàn)證碼?相信很多沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人對(duì)此束手無(wú)策,為此本文總結(jié)了問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)的原因和解決方法,通過(guò)這篇文章希望你能解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

前置條件:引用System.Drawing,或者安裝NuGet包:System.Drawing.Common:
<PackageReference Include="System.Drawing.Common" Version="4.5.1" />
首先創(chuàng)建一個(gè)有幾個(gè)文字的圖片(基本操作):
byte[] GetImage(int width, int height, string text)
{
using (var bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height))
using (var g = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
var r = new Random();
g.Clear(ColorFromHsl(r.NextDouble(), 1.0f, 0.8f, 0xff));
var brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);
var fontSize = width / text.Length;
var font = new Font(FontFamily.GenericSerif, fontSize, FontStyle.Bold, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
for (var i = 0; i < text.Length; i++)
{
brush.Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextDouble(), 1.0f, 0.3f, 0xff);
float x = i * fontSize;
float y = r.Next(0, height - fontSize);
g.DrawString(text[i].ToString(), font, brush, x, y);
}
// 在這里面加入一些其它效果
var ms = new MemoryStream();
bitmap.Save(ms, ImageFormat.Png);
return ms.ToArray();
}
}效果(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

然后再加入一些線條:
using (var pen = new Pen(brush, 3))
{
for (var i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
pen.Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextDouble(), 1.0f, 0.4f, 0xff);
var p1 = new Point(r.Next(width), r.Next(height));
var p2 = new Point(r.Next(width), r.Next(height));
g.DrawLine(pen, p1, p2);
}
}效果(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

還能做什么?
很遺憾,還有很多可以做,即使是加入線條,機(jī)器依然能輕而易舉地識(shí)別出來(lái)。
不過(guò)Edi.Wang在他的博客中也發(fā)布了一個(gè)生成驗(yàn)證碼的NuGet包:Edi.Captcha,截止目前新版是1.3.1:
<PackageReference Include="Edi.Captcha" Version="1.3.1" />
這個(gè)包基于System.Drawing,加入了扭曲效果,加入了一些隨機(jī)的x坐標(biāo)偏移,極大地增加了AI識(shí)別的難度。
使用方式:
CaptchaResult result = CaptchaImageGenerator.GetImage(200, 100, "HELLO");
其中CaptchaResult的定義如下:
public class CaptchaResult
{
public string CaptchaCode { get; set; }
public byte[] CaptchaByteData { get; set; }
public string CaptchBase64Data => Convert.ToBase64String(CaptchaByteData);
public DateTime Timestamp { get; set; }
}生成的效果如下(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

Direct2D
在前一篇博客中,已經(jīng)有了Direct2D的相關(guān)簡(jiǎn)介。這里將不再介紹。
首先從最簡(jiǎn)單的圖片上寫文字開(kāi)始:
byte[] SaveD2DBitmap(int width, int height, string text)
{
using var wic = new WIC.ImagingFactory2();
using var d2d = new D2D.Factory();
using var wicBitmap = new WIC.Bitmap(wic, width, height, WIC.PixelFormat.Format32bppPBGRA, WIC.BitmapCreateCacheOption.CacheOnDemand);
using var target = new D2D.WicRenderTarget(d2d, wicBitmap, new D2D.RenderTargetProperties());
using var dwriteFactory = new SharpDX.DirectWrite.Factory();
using var brush = new SolidColorBrush(target, Color.Yellow);
var r = new Random();
target.BeginDraw();
target.Clear(ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.3f));
var textFormat = new DWrite.TextFormat(dwriteFactory, "Times New Roman",
DWrite.FontWeight.Bold,
DWrite.FontStyle.Normal,
width / text.Length);
for (int charIndex = 0; charIndex < text.Length; ++charIndex)
{
using var layout = new DWrite.TextLayout(dwriteFactory, text[charIndex].ToString(), textFormat, float.MaxValue, float.MaxValue);
var layoutSize = new Vector2(layout.Metrics.Width, layout.Metrics.Height);
using var b2 = new LinearGradientBrush(target, new D2D.LinearGradientBrushProperties
{
StartPoint = Vector2.Zero,
EndPoint = layoutSize,
}, new GradientStopCollection(target, new[]
{
new GradientStop{ Position = 0.0f, Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.8f) },
new GradientStop{ Position = 1.0f, Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.8f) },
}));
var position = new Vector2(charIndex * width / text.Length, r.NextFloat(0, height - layout.Metrics.Height));
target.Transform =
Matrix3x2.Translation(-layoutSize / 2) *
// 文字旋轉(zhuǎn)和扭曲效果,取消注釋以下兩行代碼
// Matrix3x2.Skew(r.NextFloat(0, 0.5f), r.NextFloat(0, 0.5f)) *
// Matrix3x2.Rotation(r.NextFloat(0, MathF.PI * 2)) *
Matrix3x2.Translation(position + layoutSize / 2);
target.DrawTextLayout(Vector2.Zero, layout, b2);
}
// 其它效果在這里插入
target.EndDraw();
using (var encoder = new WIC.BitmapEncoder(wic, WIC.ContainerFormatGuids.Png))
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
encoder.Initialize(ms);
using (var frame = new WIC.BitmapFrameEncode(encoder))
{
frame.Initialize();
frame.SetSize(wicBitmap.Size.Width, wicBitmap.Size.Height);
var pixelFormat = wicBitmap.PixelFormat;
frame.SetPixelFormat(ref pixelFormat);
frame.WriteSource(wicBitmap);
frame.Commit();
}
encoder.Commit();
return ms.ToArray();
}
}使用方式:
byte[] captchaBytes = SaveD2DBitmap(200, 100, "Hello");
效果(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

可以注意到,Direct2D生成的文字沒(méi)有System.Drawing那樣的鋸齒。
如果取消里面的兩行注釋,可以得到更加扭曲和旋轉(zhuǎn)的效果(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

然后加入線條:
for (var i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
target.Transform = Matrix3x2.Identity;
brush.Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0,1), 1.0f, 0.3f);
target.DrawLine(
r.NextVector2(Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(width, height)),
r.NextVector2(Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(width, height)),
brush, 3.0f);
}效果(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

Direct2D的騷操作
Direct2D中內(nèi)置了許多特效,如陰影(Shadow)等,這里我們需要用到的是位移特效(Displacement)和水流特效(Turbulence),為了實(shí)現(xiàn)特效,需要加入一個(gè)Bitmap層,整體代碼如下:
byte[] SaveD2DBitmap(int width, int height, string text)
{
using var wic = new WIC.ImagingFactory2();
using var d2d = new D2D.Factory();
using var wicBitmap = new WIC.Bitmap(wic, width, height, WIC.PixelFormat.Format32bppPBGRA, WIC.BitmapCreateCacheOption.CacheOnDemand);
using var target = new D2D.WicRenderTarget(d2d, wicBitmap, new D2D.RenderTargetProperties());
using var dwriteFactory = new SharpDX.DirectWrite.Factory();
using var brush = new D2D.SolidColorBrush(target, Color.Yellow);
using var encoder = new WIC.PngBitmapEncoder(wic); // PngBitmapEncoder
using var ms = new MemoryStream();
using var dc = target.QueryInterface<D2D.DeviceContext>();
using var bmpLayer = new D2D.Bitmap1(dc, target.PixelSize,
new D2D.BitmapProperties1(new D2D.PixelFormat(SharpDX.DXGI.Format.B8G8R8A8_UNorm, D2D.AlphaMode.Premultiplied),
d2d.DesktopDpi.Width, d2d.DesktopDpi.Height,
D2D.BitmapOptions.Target));
var r = new Random();
encoder.Initialize(ms);
D2D.Image oldTarget = dc.Target;
{
dc.Target = bmpLayer;
dc.BeginDraw();
var textFormat = new DWrite.TextFormat(dwriteFactory, "Times New Roman",
DWrite.FontWeight.Bold,
DWrite.FontStyle.Normal,
width / text.Length);
for (int charIndex = 0; charIndex < text.Length; ++charIndex)
{
using var layout = new DWrite.TextLayout(dwriteFactory, text[charIndex].ToString(), textFormat, float.MaxValue, float.MaxValue);
var layoutSize = new Vector2(layout.Metrics.Width, layout.Metrics.Height);
using var b2 = new D2D.LinearGradientBrush(dc, new D2D.LinearGradientBrushProperties
{
StartPoint = Vector2.Zero,
EndPoint = layoutSize,
}, new D2D.GradientStopCollection(dc, new[]
{
new D2D.GradientStop{ Position = 0.0f, Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.8f) },
new D2D.GradientStop{ Position = 1.0f, Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.8f) },
}));
var position = new Vector2(charIndex * width / text.Length, r.NextFloat(0, height - layout.Metrics.Height));
dc.Transform =
Matrix3x2.Translation(-layoutSize / 2) *
Matrix3x2.Skew(r.NextFloat(0, 0.5f), r.NextFloat(0, 0.5f)) *
//Matrix3x2.Rotation(r.NextFloat(0, MathF.PI * 2)) *
Matrix3x2.Translation(position + layoutSize / 2);
dc.DrawTextLayout(Vector2.Zero, layout, b2);
}
for (var i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
{
target.Transform = Matrix3x2.Identity;
brush.Color = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.3f);
target.DrawLine(
r.NextVector2(Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(width, height)),
r.NextVector2(Vector2.Zero, new Vector2(width, height)),
brush, 3.0f);
}
target.EndDraw();
}
Color background = ColorFromHsl(r.NextFloat(0, 1), 1.0f, 0.3f);
// for (var frameId = -10; frameId < 10; ++frameId)
{
dc.Target = null;
using var displacement = new D2D.Effects.DisplacementMap(dc);
displacement.SetInput(0, bmpLayer, true);
displacement.Scale = 100.0f; // Math.Abs(frameId) * 10.0f;
var turbulence = new D2D.Effects.Turbulence(dc);
displacement.SetInputEffect(1, turbulence);
dc.Target = oldTarget;
dc.BeginDraw();
dc.Clear(background);
dc.DrawImage(displacement);
dc.EndDraw();
using (var frame = new WIC.BitmapFrameEncode(encoder))
{
frame.Initialize();
frame.SetSize(wicBitmap.Size.Width, wicBitmap.Size.Height);
var pixelFormat = wicBitmap.PixelFormat;
frame.SetPixelFormat(ref pixelFormat);
frame.WriteSource(wicBitmap);
frame.Commit();
}
}
encoder.Commit();
return ms.ToArray();
}注意此代碼使用了using var語(yǔ)句,是C# 8.0的using declaration功能,可以用using (var )語(yǔ)句代替。
效果如下(Gif是由LINQPad生成多次截圖而來(lái),實(shí)際為靜態(tài)圖):

在此基礎(chǔ)上,(感謝Direct2D/WIC)經(jīng)過(guò)較小的改動(dòng),即可生成一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的Gif圖片。
只要略微修改以上代碼:
將PngBitmapEncoder改成GifBitmapEncoder*
然后將下面的for循環(huán)取消注釋
將displacement.Scale = 100.0f;改成displacement.Scale = Math.Abs(frameId) * 10.0f;
看完上述內(nèi)容,你們掌握如何在.NET中生成動(dòng)態(tài)驗(yàn)證碼的方法了嗎?如果還想學(xué)到更多技能或想了解更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容,歡迎關(guān)注創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)行業(yè)資訊頻道,感謝各位的閱讀!
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