shutil模塊中的文件、文件夾、壓縮包處理模塊是怎樣的,針對這個問題,這篇文章詳細(xì)介紹了相對應(yīng)的分析和解答,希望可以幫助更多想解決這個問題的小伙伴找到更簡單易行的方法。
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shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length])將文件內(nèi)容拷貝到另一個文件中,length是每次復(fù)制的大小
guessage.py中內(nèi)容 """ 猜年齡游戲: 允許用戶最多猜三次,猜了三次后,詢問是都繼續(xù)玩,如果輸入Y,可以繼續(xù)猜三次,否則退出 """ age = 23 count = 0 while count < 3: try: guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:")) except ValueError: print("you should input one number!") count = count + 1 continue if guess_age > 23: print("the age you input is too big!") elif guess_age < 23: print("the age you input is too small!") else: print("excellent!you are right!") break count = count + 1 while count == 3: your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):") if your_choice.lower() == "y": count = 0 elif your_choice.lower() =="n": break else: print("your input is illegal!input again!")
"正確的程序運行代碼" #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r",encoding="utf-8"),open("guessage_new.py","w",encoding="utf-8",10)) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Process finished with exit code 0
"不加編碼時,有報錯信息" #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, in <module> shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w")) File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 79, in copyfileobj buf = fsrc.read(length) UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xae in position 29: illegal multibyte sequence Process finished with exit code 1
guessage_new.py """ 猜年齡游戲: 允許用戶最多猜三次,猜了三次后,詢問是都繼續(xù)玩,如果輸入Y,可以繼續(xù)猜三次,否則退出 """ age = 23 count = 0 while count < 3: try: guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:")) except ValueError: print("you should input one number!") count = count + 1 continue if guess_age > 23: print("the age you input is too big!") elif guess_age < 23: print("the age you input is too small!") else: print("excellent!you are right!") break count = count + 1 while count == 3: your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):") if your_choice.lower() == "y": count = 0 elif your_choice.lower() =="n": break else: print("your input is illegal!input again!")
shutil.copyfile(src, dst)拷貝文件
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copyfile("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目標(biāo)文件無需存在 print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7881299347900196, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104769, st_mtime=1557104769, st_ctime=1557104769) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copymode(src, dst)僅拷貝權(quán)限。內(nèi)容、組、用戶均不變
"程序代碼" #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目標(biāo)文件必須存在 #目標(biāo)文件不存在時 E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, in <module> shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 144, in copymode chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode)) FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系統(tǒng)找不到指定的文件。: 'guessage_new.py' Process finished with exit code 1 #新建一個文件guessage_new.py,內(nèi)容為空,再運行程序 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2533274790397796, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1557104202, st_mtime=1557104202, st_ctime=1557104202) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copystat(src, dst)僅拷貝狀態(tài)的信息,包括:mode bits, atime, mtime, flags
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copystat("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") #目標(biāo)文件必須存在 print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2814749767108452, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104576) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copy(src, dst)拷貝文件和權(quán)限
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copy("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目標(biāo)文件可以不存在 print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=6473924464346978, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104716, st_mtime=1557104716, st_ctime=1557104716) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.copy2(src, dst)拷貝文件和狀態(tài)信息
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.copy2("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py")) print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py guessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381) guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7318349394478946, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104918) Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns)
shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)遞歸的去拷貝文件夾
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os # 目標(biāo)目錄不能存在,注意對folder2目錄父級目錄要有可寫權(quán)限,ignore的意思是排除 shutil.copytree('ee', 'new_ee', ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*')) print(os.listdir("ee")) print(os.listdir("new_ee")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py ['eee'] ['eee'] Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])遞歸的去刪除文件
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.rmtree('new_ee') print(os.listdir("ee")) print(os.listdir("new_ee")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): ['eee'] File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 10, in <module> print(os.listdir("new_ee")) FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系統(tǒng)找不到指定的路徑。: 'new_ee' Process finished with exit code 1
shutil.move(src, dst)遞歸的去移動文件,它類似mv命令,其實就是重命名。
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.move('ee','new_ee') print(os.listdir("ee"))#move之后,源文件就不存在了 print(os.listdir("new_ee")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py Traceback (most recent call last): File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 9, in <module> print(os.listdir("ee")) FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系統(tǒng)找不到指定的路徑。: 'ee' Process finished with exit code 1 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil import os shutil.move('new_ee','mkdir') #可以移到另一個文件夾中 print(os.listdir("mkdir")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py ['new_ee'] Process finished with exit code 0
shutil.make_archive(base_name, format,...)創(chuàng)建壓縮包并返回文件路徑,例如:zip、tar
base_name: 壓縮包的文件名,也可以是壓縮包的路徑。只是文件名時,則保存至當(dāng)前目錄,否則保存至指定路徑, 如 data_bak =>保存至當(dāng)前路徑 如:/tmp/data_bak =>保存至/tmp/ format: 壓縮包種類,“zip”, “tar”, “bztar”,“gztar” root_dir: 要壓縮的文件夾路徑(默認(rèn)當(dāng)前目錄) owner: 用戶,默認(rèn)當(dāng)前用戶 group: 組,默認(rèn)當(dāng)前組 logger: 用于記錄日志,通常是logging.Logger對象 #!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # Author: vita import shutil #將 test2 下的文件打包放置當(dāng)前程序目錄 import shutil import os ret = shutil.make_archive("test2_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='test2')#目標(biāo)的壓縮包可以是已經(jīng)存在的 print(os.listdir()) #將 test2下的文件打包放置 mkdir目錄 import shutil ret = shutil.make_archive("mkdir/test2_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='test2') print(os.listdir("mkdir")) E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py ['.idea', 'guessage.py', 'guessage_new.py', 'mkdir', 'requirements.txt', 'test.py', 'test2', 'test2_bak.tar.gz', '__pycache__', '寫文件.txt', '寫文件.txt.tmp', '格式化.py', '猜年齡的游戲.jpg', '讀文件.txt'] ['new_ee', 'test2_bak.tar.gz'] Process finished with exit code 0
shutil 對壓縮包的處理是調(diào)用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 兩個模塊來進(jìn)行的,詳細(xì): zipfile壓縮&解壓縮 import zipfile # 壓縮 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w') z.write('a.log') z.write('data.data') z.close() # 解壓 z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r') z.extractall(path='.') z.close() tarfile壓縮&解壓縮 import tarfile # 壓縮,egon.tar這個壓縮包可以是不存在的,并且可對文件夾遞歸放到壓縮包中 >>> t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','w') >>> t.add('/test1/a.py',arcname='a.bak') >>> t.add('/test1/b.py',arcname='b.bak') >>> t.close() # 解壓 >>> t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','r') >>> t.extractall('/egon') >>> t.close()
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