Oracle12.2RAConLinuxBestPracticeDocumentation
Oracle 12.2 RAC on RedHat 7.3 Best Practice Documentation
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# 項目需求建多套RAC，為減低管理成本，故建立一個統(tǒng)一的 12.2 RAC的模板。希望我的模板可以
# 幫助 Oracle 12.2 RAC on RedHat 7.3 這個應(yīng)用場景的同學，文檔已經(jīng)通過業(yè)務(wù)驗證，可放心使用。
# 但僅僅適合我司業(yè)務(wù)，如您適用生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的任何風險概不負責，請謹慎。
# 12.2 RAC模板包含內(nèi)容如下：安裝RAC/升級Opatch并打補丁/安裝RAC后優(yōu)化
# 由于篇幅過長，附上目錄，便于同學們的學習。 目錄 Oracle 12cR2 RAC on Linux 最佳實踐文檔3 1.Oracle RAC安裝規(guī)劃3 a)RAC物理架構(gòu)圖3 b)軟件環(huán)境規(guī)劃3 c)用戶組與文件系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃3 d)網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃4 e)存儲規(guī)劃4 2.Oracle RAC所有集群節(jié)點準備5 a)硬件檢驗5 1.操作系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境檢驗5 2.雙網(wǎng)卡綁定6 b)軟件檢驗7 c)操作系統(tǒng)配置與優(yōu)化8 1.操作系統(tǒng)rpm包需求8 2.操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建軟件安裝組及用戶(oracle,grid)11 3.操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建軟件安裝目錄12 4.操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)優(yōu)化14 5.操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存優(yōu)化16 6.操作系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存優(yōu)化17 7.操作系統(tǒng)軟件安裝用戶環(huán)境變量(oracle,grid)18 8.操作系統(tǒng)用戶(oracle,grid)硬性限制優(yōu)化22 9.操作系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉防火墻和selinux24 10.操作系統(tǒng)安裝軟件用戶(oracle,grid)互信配置25 11.操作系統(tǒng)使用/etc/hosts解析36 12.操作系統(tǒng)時間同步配置NTP38 3.Oracle RAC 共享存儲準備38 a)使用udev持久化磁盤權(quán)限38 b)powerpath多路徑軟件聚合LUN成一條路徑供系統(tǒng)使用40 c)設(shè)置Disk I/O Scheduler on Linux45 4.GI安裝46 a)cvuqdisk包需要所有節(jié)點均安裝46 b)GI軟件包直接解壓到GI的$ORACLE_HOME下46 c)升級Opatch57 d)GI補丁升級與GI圖形安裝47 5.RDBMS 軟件安裝66 a)DB軟件使用oracle用戶圖形安裝66 b)升級Opatch73 c)DB補丁升級74 6.ASMCA創(chuàng)建磁盤組75 7.DBCA創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫79 8.RAC優(yōu)化90 a)安全90 1.用戶密碼策略優(yōu)化(可根據(jù)安全策略自行創(chuàng)建)90 2.優(yōu)化低端版本的客戶端無法登錄12c高版本數(shù)據(jù)庫問題(所有節(jié)點配置)90 b)實例優(yōu)化90 1.process進程數(shù)優(yōu)化90 2.實例本地進程并發(fā)優(yōu)化90 3.避免大量library cache lock導致用戶不能登錄的情況90 4.DBLINK使用insert優(yōu)化91 5.12.2 RAC 避免DataPump導入出現(xiàn)大量'Library Cache Lock' (Cycle)91 6.增加 db_files91 c)系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化91 1.大頁使用優(yōu)化91 9．附表93
1. Oracle RAC安裝規(guī)劃
a) RAC物理架構(gòu)圖
b) 軟件環(huán)境規(guī)劃
軟件：
GI 軟件：linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip
DB 軟件：linuxx64_12201_database.zip
GI 補丁：p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
DB 補丁：p29314339_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
Opatch 補丁：p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
rpm包：compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm
數(shù)據(jù)庫版本：
12.2.0.1.19
操作系統(tǒng)：
64bit Redhat 7.3
c) 用戶組與文件系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃
用戶組和文件系統(tǒng)配置
軟件 用戶 主組 輔助組 ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME
GI grid oinstall dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,racdba /oracle/app/grid /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
DB oracle oinstall dba,oper,asmdba, asmadmin,racdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba /oracle/app/oracle $ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1
d) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃
1. 優(yōu)先雙網(wǎng)卡綁定原則
2. 優(yōu)先私有網(wǎng)絡(luò)萬兆網(wǎng)卡原則
3. 避免使用169.254.*.* 地址原則
/etc/hosts列表如下
名稱 對應(yīng)網(wǎng)卡 IP 用途
bmcdb1 bond0 10.151.115.71 public
bmcdb1-vip 10.151.115.73 VIP
bmcdb1-priv bond1 192.155.1.171 private
bmcdb2 bond0 10.151.115.72 public
bmcdb2-vip 10.151.115.74 VIP
bmcdb2-priv bond1 192.155.1.172 private
scan-bmcdb 10.151.115.75 scan-ip
e) 存儲規(guī)劃
1. 設(shè)置disk I/O schedulers為Deadline
# echo deadline > /sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/scheduler
2. 綁定存儲LUN屬性,保證系統(tǒng)重啟屬性不變
3. ASM規(guī)劃表
ASM規(guī)劃表
磁盤組名 分區(qū) 屬主 權(quán)限 單個LUN大小 冗余 總?cè)萘?/p>
OCR emcpowera grid:asmadmin 660 18G
emcpowerb grid:asmadmin 660 18G Normal 54G
emcpowerc grid:asmadmin 660 18G
DATA emcpowere grid:asmadmin 660 200G External 200G
FRA emcpowerf grid:asmadmin 660 100G External 100G
OCR 磁盤組：保存CRS信息及Voting disk等信息
DATA磁盤組：保存數(shù)據(jù)文件、控制文件
FRA磁盤組：保存節(jié)點的歸檔文件
2. Oracle RAC所有集群節(jié)點準備
a) 硬件檢驗
1. 操作系統(tǒng)基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境檢驗
# 操作系統(tǒng)發(fā)行版
cat /etc/redhat-release
# 內(nèi)核版本
uname -a
# Memory total
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
# SWAP Total
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
# tmp目錄大小
df -h /tmp
# 當前內(nèi)存和swap使用狀態(tài)
free -g
# 共享內(nèi)存大小
df -h /dev/shm
# CPU 型號,物理個數(shù),核數(shù),邏輯個數(shù)
cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id"| sort| uniq| wc -l
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq
cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l
# 節(jié)點信息收集省略
2. 雙網(wǎng)卡綁定
# 雙網(wǎng)卡綁定采用主備模式,雙節(jié)點保持Bond模式一置,并持續(xù)ping,拔物理線進行測試
[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0_slave_1
HWADDR=E4:43:4B:72:F7:0C
TYPE=Ethernet
NAME="bond0 slave 1"
UUID=53c72c58-f724-4d50-b27c-71cf218d24ec
DEVICE=em1
>
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0_slave_2
HWADDR=E4:43:4B:72:F7:0D
TYPE=Ethernet
NAME="bond0 slave 2"
UUID=af3db5d3-323c-411f-8070-f5083f8cffbc
DEVICE=em2
>
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Bond_connection_1
DEVICE=bond0
BONDING_OPTS="miimon=1 updelay=0 downdelay=0 mode=active-backup"
TYPE=Bond
BONDING_MASTER=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=10.151.115.71
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=10.151.115.1
DNS1=10.156.84.62
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_PEERDNS=yes
IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME="Bond connection 1"
UUID=3d289bb5-e405-4674-a7b3-5abc21fea392
>
b) 軟件檢驗
GI 軟件：linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip
DB 軟件：linuxx64_12201_database.zip
GI 補丁：p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
DB 補丁：p29314339_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
Opatch 補丁：p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
EMC powerpath 軟件：EMCPower.LINUX-6.3.0.01.00-001.RHEL7.x86_64.rpm
操作系統(tǒng)RPM包：操作系統(tǒng)鏡像或光盤
c) 操作系統(tǒng)配置與優(yōu)化
1. 操作系統(tǒng)rpm包需求
# 操作系統(tǒng)最低要求
bc
binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7 (i686)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7 (x86_64)
glibc-2.17-36.el7 (i686)
glibc-2.17-36.el7 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7 (i686)
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7 (x86_64)
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7 (i686)
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7 (i686)
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7 (x86_64)
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)
libxcb-1.9-5.el7 (i686)
libxcb-1.9-5.el7 (x86_64)
libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7 (i686)
libX11-1.6.0-2.1.el7 (x86_64)
libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (i686)
libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (x86_64)
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7 (i686)
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7 (x86_64)
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7 (i686)
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7 (x86_64)
libXrender (i686)
libXrender (x86_64)
libXrender-devel (i686)
libXrender-devel (x86_64)
make-3.82-19.el7 (x86_64)
net-tools-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7 (x86_64) (for Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware)
nfs-utils-1.3.0-0.21.el7.x86_64 (for Oracle ACFS)
smartmontools-6.2-4.el7 (x86_64)
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7 (x86_64)
1.1 rpm包檢驗
# 檢驗系統(tǒng)缺少的rpm包并打印出來
for i in \
bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel \
libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel gcc-c++ \
make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat
do
rpm -q $i &>/dev/null || F="$F $i"
done ;echo $F;unset F
1.2 yum批量安裝軟件包
# yum批量安裝rpm包,安裝具體過程省略
yum install bc binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel \
libgcc gcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libxcb libX11 libXau libXi libXtst libXrender libXrender-devel \
make net-tools nfs-utils smartmontools sysstat gcc-c++
# yum配置
# 解壓tar包在當前目錄
tar -xvf media.tar
# 更名原有的repo
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat.repo_bk
# 創(chuàng)建新本地的repo
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/redhat7.repo
[redhat7.repo]
name=local
baseurl=file:///soft/media
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
# 清除緩存,查看軟件庫,更新元數(shù)據(jù)緩存,查看yum的包
yum clean all #Remove cached data
yum repolist #Display the configured software repositories
yum makecache #Generate the metadata cache
yum list #List a package or groups of packages
1.3 rpm包再次檢驗
# 還是使用上面的腳本,直到無軟件包輸出為止
2. 操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建軟件安裝組及用戶(oracle,grid)
groupadd --gid 54321 oinstall
groupadd --gid 54322 dba
groupadd --gid 54323 asmdba
groupadd --gid 54324 asmoper
groupadd --gid 54325 asmadmin
groupadd --gid 54326 oper
groupadd --gid 54327 backupdba
groupadd --gid 54328 dgdba
groupadd --gid 54329 kmdba
groupadd --gid 54330 racdba
useradd --uid 54321 --gid oinstall --groups dba,oper,asmdba,asmadmin,racdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba oracle
passwd oracle
useradd --uid 54322 --gid oinstall --groups dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,racdba grid
passwd grid
3. 操作系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)建軟件安裝目錄
vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/oracle/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
# Create the Oracle Inventory Directory
# To create the Oracle Inventory directory, enter the following commands as the root user:
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oraInventory
# Creating the Grid Infrastructure Base Directory
mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/grid
chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/grid
# Creating the Oracle Grid Infrastructure Home Directory
mkdir -p /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
# Creating the Oracle Base Directory
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs
# needed to ensure that dbca is able to run after the rdbms installation.
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle
# Creating the Oracle RDBMS Home Directory
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
chmod -R 775 /oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
4. 操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)優(yōu)化
# 內(nèi)存為128G,設(shè)置kernel.shmmax=70G,SGA=50G and PGA=10G
# kernel.shmmni該參數(shù)是系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存段最大個數(shù)
# kernel.shmmax該參數(shù)是一個進程共享內(nèi)存段最大尺度
# SHMMAX應(yīng)略大于SGA尺寸
# kernel.shmall該參數(shù)是共享內(nèi)存總量
# kernel.shmall大于shmmax/PAGE_SIZE
cat /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmmax = 75161927680
kernel.shmall = 18350080
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 7553600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# 安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫實例后算出并添加此參數(shù)
vm.nr_hugepages = 25026
# 立即生效（root）
/sbin/sysctl -p
#NOTE: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/5/html/ tuning_and_optimizing_red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_oracle_9i_and_10g_databases/index
#NOTE: The latest information on kernel parameter settings for Linux can be found in My Oracle Support ExtNote:169706.1.#
5. 操作系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存優(yōu)化
# Oracle一直建議關(guān)閉Transparent HugePages來優(yōu)化內(nèi)存的使用,
# 故關(guān)閉Transparent HugePages
grubby --default-kernel
grubby --args="transparent_hugepage=never" --update-kernel
grubby --info /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 >> /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo
reboot
# 節(jié)點1執(zhí)行展示結(jié)果
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# grubby --args="transparent_hugepage=never" --update-kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
# grubby --info /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 >> /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
cat /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
index=0
kernel=/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64
args="ro crashkernel=auto rd.lvm.lv=rhel/root rd.lvm.lv=rhel/swap rhgb quiet.UTF-8 transparent_hugepage=never"
root=/dev/mapper/rhel-root
initrd=/boot/initramfs-3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64.img
title=Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64) 7.3 (Maipo)
# 確認已關(guān)閉 Transparent HugePages
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
always madvise [never]
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# grep AnonHugePages /proc/meminfo
AnonHugePages: 0 kB
# reboot 展示結(jié)果忽略
6. 操作系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存優(yōu)化
# Redhat 7.2以后systemd-logind service引入了新的功能,用戶注銷時,刪除所有IPC對象
# 避免用戶中斷時系統(tǒng)刪除共享SGA內(nèi)存,
# 導致ASM和database instance down機,故設(shè)置RemoveIPC=no
echo "RemoveIPC=no" >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
systemctl restart systemd-logind
# ALERT: Setting RemoveIPC=yes on Redhat 7.2 and higher Crashes ASM and Database Instances as Well as Any Application That Uses a Shared Memory Segment (SHM) or Semaphores (SEM) (文檔 ID 2081410.1)
# 節(jié)點1執(zhí)行展示結(jié)果
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# echo "RemoveIPC=no" >> /etc/systemd/logind.conf
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /etc/systemd/logind.conf
……中間展示忽略……
#RemoveIPC=no
RemoveIPC=no
# 設(shè)置共享內(nèi)存
# 通過/etc/fstab設(shè)置共享內(nèi)存
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Jun 25 01:24:22 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=1d01dfb8-026c-464f-9d8a-7bf9ee5079e5 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=741B-866B /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=80G 0
[root@bmcdb2 home]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 1 19:01:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/rhel-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=39a4f14f-aab6-4e71-9424-c4fe0610c7fb /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=7E8A-CC6A /boot/efi vfat umask=0077,shortname=winnt 0 0
/dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
shm /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=80G 0
7. 操作系統(tǒng)軟件安裝用戶環(huán)境變量(oracle,grid)
# grid
[grid@Bmcdb1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_PATH=/oracle/app/oracle/common/oracle/sql;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS";
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK ;
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;
export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask=022
# oracle
[oracle@Bmcdb1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
export PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java;
export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=bmcdb1;
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=bmcdb;
export ORACLE_PATH=/oracle/app/common/oracle/sql;
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm;
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS";
export NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK ;
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;
export ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export THREADS_FLAG=native;
export TEMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/tmp
umask=022
8. 操作系統(tǒng)用戶(oracle,grid)硬性限制優(yōu)化
# 提升用戶硬性限制（Oracle、grid用戶默認的硬性限制不滿足GI安裝和配置）
# limits.conf為PAM模板配置文件；所以應(yīng)先配置PAM,即配置如下：
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
# RAC未運行之前,無法實際測量vm.nr_hugepages大小。
# 原則：Number Hugepages * Hugepagesize = minimum Memlock < RAM
cat /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle soft memlock 134144000
oracle hard memlock 134144000
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
#NOTE：What is Memlock and How to Calculate the Values for Memlock (文檔 ID 2511230.1)
# shell開始文件限制提升
cat /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
9. 操作系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉防火墻和selinux
# 關(guān)閉防火墻
systemctl status firewalld
systemctl start firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld
# 永久關(guān)閉selinux
cat /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=disabled
10. 操作系統(tǒng)安裝軟件用戶(oracle,grid)互信配置
# 在節(jié)點1配置ssh互信,步驟如下：
# 使用root將數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件拷貝至/home/oracle/下：
# 此腳本適合多節(jié)點安裝優(yōu)先使用
# chown oracle:oinstall linuxx64_12201_database.zip
# su - oracle
$ unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
$ cd database/sshsetup/
$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user oracle -hosts "node1 node2" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase
$ ./sshUserSetup.sh -user grid -hosts "node1 node2" -advanced -noPromptPassphrase
# 檢驗互信
# 節(jié)點1, bmcdb1上執(zhí)行檢驗操作
$ ssh bmcdb1 date;ssh bmcdb2 date;ssh bmcdb1priv date;ssh bmcdb2priv date
# 節(jié)點2, bmcdb2上執(zhí)行檢驗操作
$ ssh bmcdb1 date;ssh bmcdb2 date;ssh bmcdb1priv date;ssh bmcdb2priv date
11. 操作系統(tǒng)使用/etc/hosts解析
# /etc/hosts解析地址如下
[oracle@bmcdb1 ~]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
# PUBLIC-IP
10.151.115.61 bmcdb1
10.151.115.62 bmcdb2
# VIP-IP
10.151.115.63 bmcdb1vip
10.151.115.64 bmcdb2vip
# PRIVATE-IP
192.155.1.161 bmcdb1priv
192.155.1.162 bmcdb2priv
# SCAN-IP
10.151.115.65 scanbmcdb
# 優(yōu)先使用/etc/hosts,故files在dns前
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /etc/nsswitch.conf | grep hosts
# hosts: db files nisplus nis dns
hosts: files dns myhostname
12. 操作系統(tǒng)時間同步配置NTP
# 每十分鐘同步一次時間服務(wù)器,使用crontab定時任務(wù)調(diào)用ntpdate命令同步
檢查系統(tǒng)時間
# date
# 公司內(nèi)部時間服務(wù)器
[root@bmcdb1 soft]# crontab -l
*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 10.151.113.73
[root@bmcdb2 ~]# crontab -l
*/10 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate 10.151.113.73
3. Oracle RAC 共享存儲準備
a) powerpath多路徑軟件聚合LUN成一條路徑供系統(tǒng)使用
# powerpath安裝及存儲磁盤分配等工作請安排專業(yè)的存儲工程師完成
# 節(jié)點1執(zhí)行展示結(jié)果
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# powermt display dev=all
Pseudo name=emcpowera
VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323
Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC6 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_ocr3_1_vol]
state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0
==============================================================================
--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---
### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors
==============================================================================
16 lpfc sdaw CL1-0B active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdaq CL1-0A active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdak CL1-08 active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdae CL1-09 active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdy CL1-0F active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sds CL1-0E active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdm CL1-0D active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdg CL1-0C active alive 0 0
Pseudo name=emcpowerb
VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323
Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC4 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_ocr2_1_vol]
state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0
==============================================================================
--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---
### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors
==============================================================================
16 lpfc sdav CL1-0B active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdap CL1-0A active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdaj CL1-08 active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdad CL1-09 active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdx CL1-0F active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdr CL1-0E active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdl CL1-0D active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdf CL1-0C active alive 0 0
Pseudo name=emcpowerc
VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323
Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC2 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_ocr1_1_vol]
state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0
==============================================================================
--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---
### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors
==============================================================================
16 lpfc sdau CL1-0B active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdai CL1-08 active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdao CL1-0A active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdac CL1-09 active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdw CL1-0F active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdq CL1-0E active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdk CL1-0D active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sde CL1-0C active alive 0 0
Pseudo name=emcpowerd
VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323
Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC3 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_dsg_1_vol]
state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0
==============================================================================
--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---
### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors
==============================================================================
16 lpfc sdat CL1-0B active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdan CL1-0A active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdah CL1-08 active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdab CL1-09 active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdv CL1-0F active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdp CL1-0E active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdj CL1-0D active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdd CL1-0C active alive 0 0
Pseudo name=emcpowere
VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323
Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC7 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_data1_1_vol]
state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0
==============================================================================
--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---
### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors
==============================================================================
16 lpfc sdas CL1-0B active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdam CL1-0A active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdag CL1-08 active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdaa CL1-09 active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdu CL1-0F active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdo CL1-0E active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdi CL1-0D active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdc CL1-0C active alive 0 0
Pseudo name=emcpowerf
VPLEX ID=CKM00182201323
Logical device ID=6000144000000010F0127E4709356BC5 [device_Unity0004_New_BmcDB_arch2_1_vol]
state=alive; policy=ADaptive; queued-IOs=0
==============================================================================
--------------- Host --------------- - Stor - -- I/O Path -- -- Stats ---
### HW Path I/O Paths Interf. Mode State Q-IOs Errors
==============================================================================
16 lpfc sdaf CL1-08 active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdar CL1-0B active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdal CL1-0A active alive 0 0
16 lpfc sdz CL1-09 active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdt CL1-0F active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdn CL1-0E active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdh CL1-0D active alive 0 0
15 lpfc sdb CL1-0C active alive 0 0
b) 使用udev持久化磁盤權(quán)限
# NOTE:How To Set Device Name Using UDEV on OL 7.X (文檔 ID 2056427.1)
# 編輯rules規(guī)則文件
# 注意：rules文件中uuid區(qū)別大小寫,
# 故要注意scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode 的輸出結(jié)果。
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc5", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmarchdisk1 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmarchdisk1; chmod 0660 /dev/asmarchdisk1'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc7", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmdatadisk1 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmdatadisk1; chmod 0660 /dev/asmdatadisk1'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc2", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmocrdisk1 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmocrdisk1; chmod 0660 /dev/asmocrdisk1'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc4", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmocrdisk2 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmocrdisk2; chmod 0660 /dev/asmocrdisk2'"
KERNEL=="sd*[!0-9]", ENV{DEVTYPE}=="disk", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d $devnode", RESULT=="36000144000000010f0127e4709356bc6", RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'mknod /dev/asmocrdisk3 b $major $minor; chown grid:asmadmin /dev/asmocrdisk3; chmod 0660 /dev/asmocrdisk3'"# 啟動Udev
/sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
# 查看磁盤
[root@pcmdb1 rpm]# /sbin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=change
[root@pcmdb1 rpm]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmarchdisk
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmdatadisk
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmocrdisk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmocrdisk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Nov 24 15:19 /dev/asmocrdisk3
c) 設(shè)置Disk I/O Scheduler on Linux
# 設(shè)置I/0 scheduler為[deadline]狀態(tài),共享使用
echo deadline > /sys/block/${ASM_DISK}/queue/scheduler
# 節(jié)點1執(zhí)行展示結(jié)果,查看當前scheduler狀態(tài)是否為[deadline]
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowera/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline] cfq
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerb/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline] cfq
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerc/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline] cfq
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerd/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline] cfq
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowere/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline] cfq
[root@bmcdb1 ~]# cat /sys/block/emcpowerf/queue/scheduler
noop [deadline] cfq
4. GI安裝
a) cvuqdisk包需要所有節(jié)點均安裝
[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# ls
cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# pwd
/home/oracle/database/rpm
[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1 ################################# [100%]
[root@bmcdb1 rpm]# scp cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm root@bmcdb2:/home/oracle
The authenticity of host 'bmcdb2 (10.151.115.72)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is e5:25:bb:51:c6:da:76:25:1d:4a:59:a8:e4:6d:92:ef.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no) yes
Warning: Permanently added 'bmcdb2' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@bmcdb2's password:
cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
[root@bmcdb2 rules.d]# cd /home/oracle
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@bmcdb2 oracle]# ls
cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
[root@bmcdb2 oracle]# pwd
/home/oracle
[root@bmcdb2 oracle]# rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1 ################################# [100%]
b) GI軟件包直接解壓到GI的$ORACLE_HOME下
su - grid
unzip -d $ORACLE_HOME /soft/linuxx64_12201_grid_home.zip
# 安裝過程省略
# runcluvfy.sh檢驗系統(tǒng)環(huán)境（先解壓GI包,后才有runcluvfy.sh腳本）
./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n bmcdb1,bmcdb2 -verbose
# 過程省略
c) 升級Opatch
# 用新的Opatch直接覆蓋原有舊的Opatch
# 修改執(zhí)行權(quán)限
[root@bmcdb1 soft]# chmod 775 p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$unzip -d /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/ /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
Archive: /soft/p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
inflating: /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch/emdpatch.pl
replace /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch/oplan/oplan [y]es, [n]o, [A]ll, [N]one, [r]ename: A
# 過程省略
d) GI補丁升級與GI圖形安裝
# 修改補丁執(zhí)行權(quán)限
[root@bmcdb1 12.2.0.1_grid_2019aprpatch]# chmod a+x p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
[root@bmcdb1 12.2.0.1_grid_2019aprpatch]# ls -l p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1736326653 Jul 18 15:02 p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
# 創(chuàng)建補丁安裝目錄
[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid]$mkdir -p /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/gridpsu
# 解壓補丁
[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid]$unzip -d /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/gridpsu /soft/12.2.0.1_grid_2019aprpatch/p29301687_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
# 應(yīng)用補丁并安裝GI
/usr/bin/xauth: file /home/grid/.Xauthority does not exist
[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$export DISPLAY=10.156.84.215:0.0
[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$xclock
Warning: Missing charsets in String to FontSet conversion
# 使用grid用戶補丁和GI圖形安裝
[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid]$./gridSetup.sh -applyPSU /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/gridpsu/29301687
...圖形界面安裝省略...
root執(zhí)行root.sh腳本
# 節(jié)點1執(zhí)行root.sh腳本記錄(共19步)
...雙節(jié)點需都執(zhí)行成功，具體步驟省略...
GI安裝成功
# GI安裝成功后,服務(wù)狀態(tài)如下：
[grid@bmcdb1:/home/grid]$crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
OFFLINE OFFLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ora.bmcdb1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ora.bmcdb2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb2 STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE bmcdb1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
檢驗補丁情況
# 節(jié)點1執(zhí)行opatch檢驗補丁情況,節(jié)點2執(zhí)行結(jié)果忽略。雙節(jié)點結(jié)果相同
[grid@bmcdb1:/oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/OPatch]$./opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.17
Copyright (c) 2019, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Oracle Home : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid
Central Inventory : /oracle/app/oraInventory
from : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 12.2.0.1.17
OUI version : 12.2.0.1.4
Log file location : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch3019-08-05_16-56-31PM_1.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /oracle/app/12.2.0/grid/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2019-08-05_16-56-31PM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: bmcdb1
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c 12.2.0.1.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (5) :
Patch 26839277 : applied on Mon Aug 05 13:48:23 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 21578760
Patch description: "DBWLM RELEASE UPDATE 12.2.0.1.0(ID:170913) (26839277)"
Created on 21 Sep 2017, 03:13:10 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
26584906
Patch 29314339 : applied on Mon Aug 05 13:48:16 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22821655
Patch description: "Database Apr 2019 Release Update : 12.2.0.1.190416 (29314339)"
Created on 24 Mar 2019, 03:28:52 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
26362155, 28023399, 25741955, 25873336, 26966616, 27097854, 28617631
……中間省略修改的bug號……
28951382, 28960211, 28987439, 28991884, 28993590, 29027694, 29189889
29250230
Patch 28566910 : applied on Mon Aug 05 13:47:53 CST 2019
Unique Patch ID: 22413436
Patch description: "TOMCAT RELEASE UPDATE 12.2.0.1.0(ID:180802.1448.S) (28566910)"
Created on 28 Aug 2018, 23:01:25 hrs PST8PDT
&nb
當前標題：Oracle12.2RAConLinuxBestPracticeDocumentation
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